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Quiescent galaxies at $z \gtrsim 2$ are compact and have weak or absentemission lines, making it difficult to spatially resolve their kinematics andstellar populations using ground-based spectroscopy. Gravitationally lensedexamples provide a promising route forward, but such objects are very rare. Wedescribe a search in the fields of 232 galaxy clusters that has uncovered fivebright ($H_{\rm AB} < 20$) lensed galaxies with red near-infrared colors. Theseinclude MRG-M0138, the brightest lensed galaxy known in the near-infrared.Analysis of near-infrared spectra and multiband photometry confirms that allare quiescent galaxies at z=1.95-2.64 with stellar ages of 0.5-1.4 Gyr(corresponding to formation epochs $z_{\rm form} \simeq 3-4$) and stellarmasses of $10^{11.6-12.8} \mu^{-1} M_{\odot}$, where $\mu$ is themagnification. In three cases we derive lens models and reconstruct the sourcestructure; these galaxies are massive ($M_* \gtrsim 10^{11.0} M_{\odot}$) andfollow the mass--size relation defined by unlensed samples. In two of thesethree galaxies, the main structural component is an inclined disk. Weakemission lines are detected in four of five galaxies with high ratios[NII]/H$\alpha$~2-6 that are inconsistent with a star formation origin. Basedon the line ratios, the H$\alpha$ equivalent widths, and the distribution andkinematics of the gas, we infer that shocks are likely present in at least twogalaxies and could be present in all of the line emitters. We speculate thatthese could be analogs of local galaxies in which AGN jet-driven outflows arethought to heat the interstellar medium and suppress star formation. In furtherpapers we will present spatially resolved measurements of the stellarpopulations and kinematics of this unique sample.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Resolving Quiescent Galaxies at $z \gtrsim 2$: I. Search for  Gravitationally Lensed Sources and Characterization of their Structure,  Stellar Populations, and Line Emission