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We present the most distant detection of cosmic voids ($z \sim 2.3$) and thefirst detection of three-dimensional voids in the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest. Weused a 3D tomographic map of the absorption with effective comoving spatialresolution of $2.5\,h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$ and volume of $3.15\times10^5\,h^{-3}\mathrm{Mpc}^3$, which was reconstructed from moderate-resolutionKeck-I/LRIS spectra of 240 background Lyman-break galaxies and quasars in a$0.16\,\mathrm{deg}^2$ footprint in the COSMOS field. Voids were detected usinga spherical overdensity finder calibrated from hydrodynamical simulations ofthe intergalactic medium. This allows us to identify voids in the IGMcorresponding to voids in the underlying matter density field, yielding aconsistent volume fraction of voids in both data (19.5%) and simulations(18.2%). We fit excursion set models to the void radius function and comparethe radially-averaged stacked profiles of large voids ($r > 5$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc) tostacked voids in mock observations and the simulated density field. Comparingwith 432 coeval galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the same volume as thetomographic map, we find that the tomography-identified voids are underdense ingalaxies by 5.95$\sigma$ compared to random cells.

A Detection of $z$~2.3 Cosmic Voids from 3D Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest Tomography in the COSMOS Field