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The detection of GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterparts allows toconstrain the equation of state of dense matter in new and complementary ways.Very stiff equations of state are ruled out by the upper limit on the averagetidal deformability, $\tilde\Lambda \lesssim 800$, imposed by the detectedgravitational wave signal. A lower limit, $\tilde\Lambda \gtrsim 400$, can alsobe extracted by considering the large amount of ejected matter which powers thekilonova AT2017gfo. By using several microscopic nucleonic equations of state,we first confirm the existence of a monotonic relation between $R_{1.5}$ (theradius of the $1.5M_{\odot}$ configuration) and $\tilde\Lambda$. Thistranslates the limits on $\tilde\Lambda$ into limits on the radius:$11.8\,\text{km} \lesssim R_{1.5} \lesssim 13.1\,$km. We then show that themonotonic relation is violated, if a second branch of compact stars composed ofquark matter exists, as in the two-families or the twin-stars scenarios. Inparticular, it is possible to fulfill the limits on $\tilde\Lambda$ whilehaving $R_{1.5}$ significantly smaller than $12\,$km. In both those scenariosthe event GW170817/AT2017gfo originates from the merger of a hadronic star anda star containing quark matter.

Are small radii of compact stars ruled out by GW170817/AT2017gfo?