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In this paper, we systematically calculate the polarization in soft X-raysemitted from magnetized neutron stars, which are expected to be observed by thenext-generation X-ray satellites. Magnetars are one of the targets for theseobservations. This is because thermal radiation is normally observed in thesoft X-ray band, and it is thought to be linearly polarized because ofdifferent opacities for two polarization modes of photons in the magnetizedatmosphere of neutron stars and the dielectric properties of the vacuum instrong magnetic fields. In their previous study, Taverna et al. illustrated howstrong magnetic fields influence the behavior of the polarization observablesfor radiation propagating in vacuo without addressing a precise, physicalemission model. In this paper, we pay attention to the conversion of photonpolarization modes that can occur in the presence of an atmospheric layer abovethe neutron star surface, computing the polarization angle and fraction andsystematically changing the magnetic field strength, radii of the emissionregion, temperature, mass, and radii of the neutron stars. We confirmed that ifplasma is present, the effects of mode conversion cannot be neglected when themagnetic field is relatively weak, $B \sim 10^{13} \mathrm{G}$. Our resultsindicate that strongly magnetized ($B \gtrsim 10^{14} \mathrm{G}$) neutronstars are suitable to detect polarizations, but not-so-strongly magnetized ($B\sim 10^{13} \mathrm{G}$) neutron stars will be the ones to confirm the modeconversion.

Systematic Analysis of the Effects of Mode Conversion on Thermal Radiation from Neutron Stars