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Spectroscopy of background QSO sightlines passing close to foregroundgalaxies is a potent technique for studying the circumgalactic medium (CGM).QSOs are effectively point sources, however, limiting their potential toconstrain the size of circumgalactic gaseous structures. Here we present thefirst large Keck/LRIS and VLT/FORS2 spectroscopic survey of bright (B_AB <22.3) background galaxies whose lines of sight probe MgII 2796, 2803 absorptionfrom the CGM around close projected foreground galaxies at transverse distances10 kpc < R_perp < 150 kpc. Our sample of 72 projected pairs, drawn from thePRIsm MUlti-object Survey (PRIMUS), includes 48 background galaxies which donot host bright AGN, and both star-forming and quiescent foreground galaxieswith stellar masses 9.0 < log M_*/M_sun < 11.2 at redshifts 0.35 < z_f/g < 0.8.We detect MgII absorption associated with these foreground galaxies withequivalent widths 0.25 Ang < W_2796 < 2.6 Ang at >2sigma significance in 20individual background sightlines passing within R_perp < 50 kpc, and place2sigma upper limits on W_2796 of <0.5 Ang in an additional 11 close sightlines.Within R_perp < 50 kpc, W_2796 is anticorrelated with R_perp, consistent withanalyses of MgII absorption detected along background QSO sightlines.Subsamples of these foreground hosts divided at log M_*/M_sun = 9.9 exhibitstatistically inconsistent W_2796 distributions at 30 kpc < R_perp < 50 kpc,with the higher-M_* galaxies yielding a larger median W_2796 by 0.9 Ang.Finally, we demonstrate that foreground galaxies with similar stellar massesexhibit the same median W_2796 at a given R_perp to within <0.2 Ang toward bothbackground galaxies and toward QSO sightlines drawn from the literature.Analysis of these datasets constraining the spatial coherence scale ofcircumgalactic MgII absorption is presented in a companion paper.

Galaxies Probing Galaxies in PRIMUS - I. Sample, Spectroscopy, and Characteristics of the z~0.5 MgII-Absorbing Circumgalactic Medium