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The latest MERRA-2 reanalysis of the modern satellite measurements providesunprecedented uniformity and fidelity for the atmospheric data. In this paper,these data are used to evaluate five sites for millimeter-wave (mm-wave)observations. These include two established sites (South Pole and Chajnantor,Atacama), and three new sites (Ali, Tibet; Dome A, Antarctica; and Summit Camp,Greenland). Atmospheric properties including precipitable water vapor (PWV),sky brightness temperature fluctuations, ice and liquid water paths are derivedand compared. Dome A emerges to be the best among those evaluated, with PWV andfluctuations smaller than the second-best site, South Pole, by more than afactor of 2. It is found that the higher site in Ali (6,100 m) is on par withCerro Chajnantor (5,612 m) in terms of transmission and stability. The lowersite in Ali (5,250 m) planned for first stage of observations at 90/150GHzprovides conditions comparable to those on the Chajnantor Plateau. Theseanalyses confirm Ali to be an excellent mm-wave site on the Northern Hemispherethat will complement well-established sites on the Southern Hemisphere. It isalso found in this analysis that the observing conditions at Summit Camp arecomparable to Cerro Chajnantor. Although it is more affected by the presence ofliquid water clouds.

Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for Mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis