English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Disks around brown dwarfs (BDs) are excellent laboratories to study the firststeps of planet formation in cold and low-mass disk conditions. Theradial-drift velocities of dust particles in BD disks are higher than in disksaround more massive stars. Therefore, BD disks are expected to be more depletedin millimeter-sized grains compared to disks around T Tauri or Herbig Ae/Bestars. However, recent millimeter observations of BD disks revealed lowmillimeter spectral indices, indicating the presence of large grains in thesedisks and challenging models of dust evolution. We present 3\,mm photometricobservations carried out with the IRAM/Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) ofthree BD disks in the Taurus star forming region, which have been observed withALMA at 0.89\,mm. The disks were not resolved and only one was detected withenough confidence ($\sim3.5\sigma$) with PdBI. Based on these observations, weobtain the values and lower limits of the spectral index and find low values($\alpha_{\rm{mm}}\lesssim 3.0$). We compare these observations in the contextof particle trapping by an embedded planet, a promising mechanism to explainthe observational signatures in more massive and warmer disks. We find,however, that this model cannot reproduce the current millimeter observationsfor BD disks, and multiple-strong pressure bumps globally distributed in thedisk remain as a favorable scenario to explain observations. Alternativepossibilities are that the gas masses in BD disk are very low($\sim2\times10^{-3}\,M_{\rm{Jup}}$) such that the millimeter grains aredecoupled and do not drift, or fast growth of fluffy aggregates.

Millimeter Spectral Indices and Dust Trapping By Planets in Brown Dwarf Disks