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Selected from a sample of nine, isolated, dwarf early-type galaxies (ETGs)having the same range of kinematic properties as dwarf ETGs in clusters, we useCG 611 (LEDA 2108986) to address the Nature versus Nurture debate regarding theformation of dwarf ETGs. The presence of faint disk structures and rotationwithin some cluster dwarf ETGs has often been heralded as evidence that theywere once late-type spiral or dwarf irregular galaxies prior to experiencing acluster-induced transformation into an ETG. However, CG 611 also containssignificant stellar rotation (~20 km/s) over its inner half light radius,R_(e,maj)=0.71 kpc, and its stellar structure and kinematics resemble those ofcluster ETGs. In addition to hosting a faint young nuclear spiral within apossible intermediate-scale stellar disk, CG 611 has accreted anintermediate-scale, counter-rotating gas disk. It is therefore apparent thatdwarf ETGs can be built by accretion events, as opposed to disk-strippingscenarios. We go on to discuss how both dwarf and ordinary ETGs withintermediate-scale disks, whether under (de)construction or not, are not fullyrepresented by the kinematic scaling S_0.5=sqrt{ 0.5(V_rot)^2 + sigma^2 }, andwe also introduce a modified spin-ellipticity diagram, lambda(R)-epsilon(R),with the potential to track galaxies with such disks.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Implications for the origin of dwarf early-type galaxies: a detailed  look at the isolated rotating dwarf early-type galaxy CG 611, with  ramifications for the Fundamental Plane's (S_K)^2 kinematic scaling and the  spin-ellipticity diagram