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The presence of neutral species in a plasma has been shown to greatly affectthe properties of magnetohydrodynamic waves. For instance, the interactionbetween ions and neutrals through momentum transfer collisions causes thedamping of Alfv\'en waves and alters their oscillation frequency and phasespeed. When the collision frequencies are larger than the frequency of thewaves, single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic approximations can accurately describethe effects of partial ionization, since there is a strong coupling between thevarious species. However, at higher frequencies, the single-fluid models arenot applicable and more complex approaches are required. Here, we use afive-fluid model with three ionized and two neutral components, which takesinto consideration Hall's current and Ohm's diffusion in addition to thefriction due to collisions between different species. We apply our model toplasmas composed of hydrogen and helium, and allow the ionization degree to bearbitrary. By means of the analysis of the corresponding dispersion relationand numerical simulations, we study the properties of small-amplitudeperturbations. We discuss the effect of momentum transfer collisions on theion-cyclotron resonances and compare the importance of magnetic resistivity,ion-neutral and ion-ion collisions on the wave damping at various frequencyranges. Application to partially ionized plasmas of the solar atmosphere areperformed.

Multi-fluid Approach to High-frequency Waves in Plasmas. II. Small-amplitude Regime in Partially Ionized Media