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Understanding the relationship between long-period giant planets and multiplesmaller short-period planets is critical for formulating a complete picture ofplanet formation. This work characterizes three such systems. We presentKepler-65, a system with an eccentric (e=0.28+/-0.07) giant planet companiondiscovered via radial velocities (RVs) exterior to a compact,multiply-transiting system of sub-Neptune planets. We also use precision RVs toimprove mass and radius constraints on two other systems with similararchitectures, Kepler-25 and Kepler-68. In Kepler-68 we propose a secondexterior giant planet candidate. Finally, we consider the implications of thesesystems for planet formation models, particularly that the moderateeccentricity in Kepler-65's exterior giant planet did not disrupt its innersystem.

Long-Period Giant Companions to Three Compact, Multiplanet Systems