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The four massive Galilean satellites are believed to have formed within acircumplanetary disk during the last stages of Jupiter's formation. While theexistence of a circum-jovian disk is supported by hydrodynamic simulations, noconsensus exists regarding the origin and delivery mechanisms of the buildingblocks of the forming satellites. The opening of a gap in the circumsolar diskwould have efficiently isolated Jupiter from the main sources of solidmaterial. However, a reservoir of planetesimals should have existed at theouter edge of Jupiter's gap, where solids were trapped and accumulated overtime. Here we show that the formation of Saturn's core within this reservoir,or its prompt inward migration, allows planetesimals to be redistributed fromthis reservoir towards Jupiter and the inner Solar System, thereby providingenough material to form the Galilean satellites and to populate the Main Beltwith primitive asteroids. We find that the orbit of planetesimals capturedwithin the circumjovian disk are circularized through friction with gas in acompact system comparable to the current radial extent of the Galileansatellites. The decisive role of Saturn in the delivery mechanism has strongimplications for the occurrence of massive moons around extrasolar giantplanets as they would preferentially form around planets within multiple planetsystems.

Saturn's formation and early evolution at the origin of Jupiter's massive moons