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The Kepler mission has released over 4496 planetary candidates, among which3483 planets have been confirmed as of April 2017. The statistical results ofthe planets show that there are two peaks around 1.5 and 2.0 in thedistribution of orbital period ratios. The observations indicate that a plentyof planet pairs could have firstly been captured into mean motion resonances(MMRs) in planetary formation. Subsequently, these planets depart from exactresonant locations to be near MMRs configurations. Through type I migration,two low-mass planets have a tendency to be trapped into first-order MMRs (2:1or 3:2 MMRs), however two scenarios of mass accretion of planets and potentialoutward migration play an important role in reshaping their final orbitalconfigurations. Under the scenario of mass accretion, the planet pairs cancross 2:1 MMRs and then enter into 3:2 MMRs, especially for the inner pairs.With such formation scenario, the possibility that two planets are locked into3:2 MMRs can increase if they are formed in a flat disk. Moreover, the outwardmigration can make planets have a high likelihood to be trapped into 3:2 MMRs.We perform additional runs to investigate the mass relationship for thoseplanets in three-planet systems, and we show that two peaks near 1.5 and 2.0for the period ratios of two planets can be easily reproduced through ourformation scenario. We further show that the systems in chain resonances (e.g.,4:2:1, 3:2:1, 6:3:2 and 9:6:4 MMRs), have been observed in our simulations.This mechanism can be applicable to understand the formation of systems ofKepler-48, Kepler-53, Kepler-100, Kepler-192, Kepler-297, Kepler-399, andKepler-450.

Near Mean-motion Resonances in the Systems Observed by Kepler: Affected by Mass Accretion and Type I Migration