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I report the discovery of non-transiting close companions to two transitingwarm Jupiters (WJs), Kepler-448/KOI-12b (orbital period$P=17.9\,\mathrm{days}$, radius $R_{\rm p}=1.23^{+0.06}_{-0.05}\,R_{\rm Jup}$)and Kepler-693/KOI-824b ($P=15.4\,\mathrm{days}$, $R_{\rmp}=0.91\pm0.05\,R_{\rm Jup}$), via dynamical modeling of their transit timingand duration variations (TTVs and TDVs). The companions have masses of$22^{+7}_{-5}\,M_{\rm Jup}$ (Kepler-448c) and $150^{+60}_{-40}\,M_{\rm Jup}$(Kepler-693c), and both are on eccentric orbits ($e=0.65^{+0.13}_{-0.09}$ forKepler-448c and $e=0.47^{+0.11}_{-0.06}$ for Kepler-693c) with periastrondistances of $1.5\,\mathrm{au}$. Moderate eccentricities are detected for theinner orbits as well ($e=0.34^{+0.08}_{-0.07}$ for Kepler-448b and$e=0.2^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$ for Kepler-693b). In the Kepler-693 system, a largemutual inclination between the inner and outer orbits($53^{+7}_{-9}\,\mathrm{deg}$ or $134^{+11}_{-10}\,\mathrm{deg}$) is alsorevealed by the TDVs. This is likely to induce a secular oscillation of theinner WJ's eccentricity that brings its periastron close enough to the hoststar for tidal star-planet interactions to be significant. In the Kepler-448system, the mutual inclination is weakly constrained and such an eccentricityoscillation is possible for a fraction of the solutions. Thus these WJs may beundergoing tidal migration to become hot Jupiters (HJs), although the migrationvia this process from beyond the snow line is disfavored by the close-in andmassive nature of the companions. This may indicate that WJs can be formed insitu and could even evolve into HJs via high-eccentricity migration inside thesnow line.

Eccentric Companions to Kepler-448b and Kepler-693b: Clues to the Formation of Warm Jupiters