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The Kepler mission has revealed that Earth-sized planets are common, anddozens have been discovered to orbit in or near their host star's habitablezone. A major focus in astronomy is to determine which of these exoplanets arelikely to have Earth-like properties that are amenable to follow-up with bothground- and future space-based surveys, with an ultimate goal of probing theiratmospheres to look for signs of life. Venus-like atmospheres will be ofparticular interest in these surveys. While Earth and Venus evolved to havesimilar sizes and densities, it remains unclear what factors led to thedramatic divergence of their atmospheres. Studying analogs to both Earth andVenus can thus shed light on the limits of habitability and the potential forlife on known exoplanets. Here we present the discovery and confirmation ofKepler-1649b, an Earth-sized planet orbiting a nearby M5V star that receivesincident flux at a level similar to that of Venus. We present our methods forcharacterizing the star, using a combination of PSF photometry, ground-basedspectroscopy and imaging, to confirm the planetary nature of Kepler-1649b.Planets like Kepler-1649b will be prime candidates for atmospheric andhabitability studies in the next generation of space missions.

Kepler-1649b: An Exo-Venus in the Solar Neighborhood