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We present VIMOS-VLT spectroscopy of the Frontier Fields clusterMACS~J0416.1-2403 (z=0.397). Taken as part of the CLASH-VLT survey, the largespectroscopic campaign provided more than 4000 reliable redshifts, including~800 cluster member galaxies. The unprecedented sample of cluster members atthis redshift allows us to perform a highly detailed dynamical and structuralanalysis of the cluster out to ~2.2$r_{200}$ (~4Mpc). Our analysis ofsubstructures reveals a complex system composed of a main massive cluster($M_{200}$~0.9$\times 10^{15} M_{\odot}$) presenting two major features: i) abimodal velocity distribution, showing two central peaks separated by $\DeltaV_{rf}$~1100 km s$^{-1}$ with comparable galaxy content and velocitydispersion, ii) a projected elongation of the main substructures along theNE-SW direction, with a prominent subclump ~600 kpc SW of the center and anisolated BCG approximately halfway between the center and the SW clump. We alsodetect a low mass structure at z~0.390, ~10' S of the cluster center, projectedat ~3Mpc, with a relative line-of-sight velocity of $\Delta V_{rf}$~-1700 kms$^{-1}$. The cluster mass profile that we obtain through our dynamicalanalysis deviates significantly from the "universal" NFW, being best fit by aSoftened Isothermal Sphere model instead. The mass profile measured from thegalaxy dynamics is found to be in relatively good agreement with those obtainedfrom strong and weak lensing, as well as with that from the X-rays, despite theclearly unrelaxed nature of the cluster. Our results reveal overall a complexdynamical state of this massive cluster and support the hypothesis that the twomain subclusters are being observed in a pre-collisional phase, in line withrecent findings from radio and deep X-ray data. With this article we alsorelease the entire redshift catalog of 4386 sources in the field of thiscluster.

CLASH-VLT: Dissecting the Frontier Fields Galaxy Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 with $\sim800$ Spectra of Member Galaxies