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Problem statement: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feed restriction&#13; and different energy and protein contents of diet on ghrelin gene expression in broiler chicken.&#13; Approach: Feeding programs consisted of ad libitum and feed restriction, two energy levels (3100 and&#13; 2800 kcal ME kg-1) and three protein levels (22.3, 19.3 and 16.3% CP). Feed restriction was applied&#13; during 22-32 days of age. Proventriculus samples were collected at 21, 32 and 49 days of age. Ghrelin&#13; mRNA expression in proventriculus tissue was quantitate using Real Time quantitative PCR. Results: We&#13; found that ghrelin gene expression was increased in restricted chicks compared with those fed ad&#13; libitum at 32 days of age (p = 0.09) but feed restriction had no effect on ghrelin gene expression at 49&#13; days of age. A positive response in ghrelin gene expression was achieved by decreasing energy level in&#13; the diet at 21 days of age (p<0.07) and at 32 days of age (p<0.05). Also, we showed that dietary protein&#13; had no effect on ghrelin gene expression, whereas there was a tendency for an increase in ghrelin gene&#13; expression as protein decreased at total period. Conclusion: The present study, we investigated the&#13; effects of feed restriction and different energy and protein contents of the diet on ghrelin gene&#13; expression in broiler chicken. We have characterized chicken ghrelin cDNA in proventriculus tissue in&#13; broiler chicken. We also found that ghrelin gene expression is differently suppressed by diet&#13; manipulations. Additional studies are necessary to investigate the role of nutrition on ghrelin gene&#13; expression in proventriculus tissue in broiler chicken

Ghrelin Gene Expression in Broiler Proventriculus Tissue are Changed by Feed Restriction, Different Dietary Energy and Protein Levels