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Microspheres loaded with carnosic acid (CA) as an active ingredient which was extracted from various species of Salvia L., were prepared by a spray drying technology. The matrix of the microspheres consisted of 85% deacetylated chitosan (average MW 55000 kDa), poloxamer P407 and carnosic acid. Briefly, chitosan and poloxamer P407 were dissolved in 1% v/v acetic acid followed by dispersion of carnosic acid under vigorous stirring. The dispersion was then fed into a spray dryer (190 Mini, Büchi, Flawil, Switzerland) and processed under the following operative conditions: T inlet 180°C, T outlet 120°C, air aspiration 70% and peristaltic pump 15% (feeding rate 4 mL/min). This process yielded microspheres with 5-8 μm in diameter containing 17% active ingredients corresponding to an encapsulation efficiency of 45% and a practical yield of 34%. To investigate the protective effect against mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum an 0.1% aqueous dispersion of microspheres was sprayed on 4 groups of 200 plants of basil. After 14d the disease incidence (DI) was 10% (B. cinerea) and 2 % (S. sclerotiorium) as compared to the untreated control (B. cinerea 45% DI; S. sclerotiorum 18% DI).This protective effect of the microsphere-formulation was comparable to that of equal amounts of carnosic acid in methanol, whereas the solvent alone provoked a quite lower mycelial growth inhibition. These results highlight for the first time the antifungal activity of carnosic acid and its potential application, most likely favoured by the presence of chitosan [1], of the above formulation for plant protection against fungi

Microspheres Containing Carnosic Acid for the Treatment of Basil Fungal Diseases