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The fungivorous nematode Aphelenchus avenae Bastian (Aa) is purported to be a promising biocontrol agent against soil-borne phytoparasitic fungi because of its ability to reduce the amount of fungal hyphae. Actually, the nematode effectively controlled Rhizoctonia wilt by its application into the soil (Barker, 1964; Ishibshi, 2005; Okada, 2006). There are significant problems with the use of nematodes, however, in that their propagation rates differ among the various nematode isolates and among the fungal isolates used as food source (Mankau and Mankau, 1962; Bonnel and Camporota, 1989). When we consider the practice of biocontrol, the agent organism should be an indigenous rather than an alien species, so as to minimize the impact on the native ecosystem. Thus, the indigenous isolate of Aa should be examined for its propagation properties before it is used in a country or a region. For the Japanese Aa isolates, the differences in the propagation rates among isolates have already been examined (Choi and Ishibashi, 1989; Ali et al., 1999); however, differences in the rates caused by the fungal food isolates have not yet been examined. Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) isolates themselves are a useful food source for nematode cultures because they lack spores and have wide hyphae. Owing to these properties, we can obtain nematodes without the need for sterile treatment using harmful chemicals, if we use an appropriate filter paper to extract nematodes from a monoxenic culture (Chen and Ferris, 1999; Okada et al., 2005). We have reported that some nematode species of the genus Filenchus , a common group of the family Tylenchidae, have a potential to feed on fungi including Rs (Okada et al., 2002; Okada and Kadota, 2003; Okada et al., 2005). This is an important finding for the ecological study of soil nematodes (Ferris and Bongers, 2009) and for biocontrol of soil-borne phytoparasitic fungi. The species of Filenchus are also good models for studies on ecological interactions with nematophagus fungi (Okada and Kadota, 2003). Their propagation on Rs isolates, however, has not yet been measured in detail. This paper reports the compatibility of Aa and Filenchus misellus Andrássy (Fm) as biocontrol agents and the importance of host fungal isolates of Rs on the propagation of the two nematode species.

nematological research (japanese journal of nematology)

Propagation of Aphelenchus avenae Bastian (Aphelenchidae) and Filenchus misellus Andrassy (Tylenchidae) on seven fungal isolates or Rhizoctonia solani as food source