English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Social capital is a less concrete and measurable type of capital compared to human or physical capital. Therefore, its analysis and conscious application in development policies is yet immature. However, it is even more often seen as a missing link which is able to serve as a tool for strengthening or weakening the effects of human and physical capital and for understanding and redressing deeper structural problems (Woolcock and Narayan 2000).As a rather relevant factor in understanding the problems of marginalized populations and the frequent failure of anti-poverty policies, social capital is able to both open up spaces for social mobility and poverty alleviation and to contribute to the conservation of given social structures for generations. Although the significance of social capital concerning poverty alleviation and social mobility has been recognized in the special literature for decades (Granovetter 1973, Putnam 1993, Woolcock and Narayan 2000), this is still neglected in the Hungarian development policy (Mereine Berki et al. 2017).Despite some numerous efforts on detailed typology, social capital does not have any unified conceptual definition (Esser 2008, Csizmadia 2015). In general, social capital is understood as a non-material resource appearing as connections between individuals and formal and informal social groups, which interweaves the political and economic life of societies (Hanifan 1916, Ben -Porath 1980, Bourdieu 1986, Coleman 1998). Social capital plays an important role in the economic research and especially in strategic planning and development (Fuzer et al. 2005, Savanya 2013, Schvab et al. 2015, Schvab 2016). International development organizations (e.g. the World Bank, OECD and UN) put an outstanding emphasis on social capital in relation to international development projects (Fuzer et al. 2005). Social capital has also been becoming an even more influential concept in the Hungarian development policy planning - it is included in the Hungarian City Development Handbook (NFGM 2012), which serves as the main background document of the major Hungarian local development planning documents of Urban Development Concepts (UDP) and Integrated Urban Development Strategies (IUDS).Social capital is able to have an influence on many other forms of capital. Its neglect might lead to impolitic development interventions (Mereine Berki et al. 2017), as social capital is the key for the operability of democracy (Putnam 1995). Moreover, social capital might influence the situation of individuals, groups and settlements. It influences the opportunities of individuals to participate in development processes. It might play a role in the coming into being of formal and informal institutions and might be a key factor in different bottom-up initiatives. It might play a bridging but also a bonding role: it might encourage or set back the social integration of individuals and groups or the social cohesion in general and it can even give a new meaning to these notions (Lockwood 1964, Putnam 1995, Castel 2000, Woolcock and Narayan 2000). Therefore, social capital is extremely relevant in understanding extreme poverty and segregation. In order to examine the role of social capital in the alleviation of segregation and extreme poverty, we first examine how notions of solidarity and integration relate to the concept of social capital.The notion of "integration" frequently appears as an unquestioned and undebated goal of poverty alleviation efforts. Examples are the earlier introduced UDCs and IUDSs of major Hungarian cities, the included local antisegregation plans, and Hungarian local development policies in general (Mereine Berki et al. 2017). However, the notion of integration is by far not a simple one. Questions such as: "Why and with whom do we formulate connections?" and "What inward and outward forces keep certain communities together?", and the meaning of social integration in relation to these is by far not evident. …

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN THE ALLEVIATION OF EXTREME POVERTY AND SPATIAL SEGREGATION OF ROMANI PEOPLE IN SZEGED