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A city's accessibility is vital for its path in the global city competition as the services that it hosts must be in reach for the people than depend on it, either those services are educational, medical, or related to the provision of general or specific goods, jobs and many others. In this context, public transport is the best solution to ensure the mobility of the population, because it is an environmental friendly mode of transport and especially, as it is the case of Romania, because it represents a social service, being a cheaper alternative to private cars, thus more affordable for the low-income and medium class citizens (Lucas 2004).Public transport (PT) is an important field of the transport industry in Romania, while urban PT and interurban PT have suffered a major decrease in usage and the quality of services (Fistung et al. 2004, Iordache 2009, Radulescu et al. 2013). Also, the continuing decline of rail transport has brought the focus on the road public transport, which is cheaper and more flexible. Transportation and public transport constitute a framework and not a product (European Spatial Planning Observation Network 2004) while a good supply of PT services can bring positive externalities for the core city and for the communities that benefit from the good provision (Ong and Evelyn 1997, Sanchez et al. 2004, Rotem-Mindali and Gefen 2014).The proper management of public transport takes into consideration the demand-supply relationship. There is a vast literature that researches how demand can be analysed and which focuses on the social characteristics of the people that can choose PT as a mode to commute (Kanafkani 1983, Oum et al. 1992, Pinjari and Bhat 2011) together with the economic state of a city or of a neighbourhood (Bresson 2004). In order to assess the demand for PT, statistical data regarding the user and his location must be analysed (gender, age, employment status, i ncome, car ownership, city size, population density, and urban versus rural location) together with the purpose of the trips (trips to work, school, for shopping, recreation, visiting friends and family) (Buehler and Pucher 2012). This paper does not cover the demand analysis for PT in the studied area, because complete and detailed needed data are not available at the used territorial scale.Researchers consider demand more important than the supply of PT because demand comes first and it models the supply's characteristics. Many authors are researching ways to better understand the demand in order to provide better PT services. A good provision is marked by the ratio between good frequencies and economic sustainability. An analysis of the geographical coverage of the metropolitan and regional PT can provide valuable inputs for the policies that shape the provision of this type of services so that planners can adopt strategies for improving the accessibility and optimizing the PT (Murray 2001).This paper studies the provision of metropolitan, county-level and regional road and rail public transport for the metropolitan areas of the cities of Suceava and Botosani. In the first part of the paper, the studied area, the data sources and the methodology of the research are presented, followed then by the results of the research, first for road PT and after for rail PT. Some data regarding car ownership is presented and at the end, the conclusions and some recommendations for improving the provision of PT in the studied area are given.Materials and methodsThe study area is comprised of the two metropolitan areas belonging to two middle -sized cities - Suceava and Botosani - situated in the North Eastern side of Romania. These cities developed together an associative form of governance called Suceava-Botosani Urban Area (Fig. 1). This territorial association, gathering 30% (314 637 inhabitants in 2011) of the respective counties' total population and 50% of their urban population (212 257 inhabitants), includes 4 cities, of which 2 are municipalities, and 20 communes that have together 89 villages. …

ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT PROVISION IN SUCEAVA-BOTOȘANI URBAN AREA (ROMANIA)