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No campo da seguranca nuclear ( nuclear security ), a nao proliferacao de armas atomicas e tema patente desde o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, em especial durante o periodo da Guerra Fria. De fato, conformou-se, neste momento, um conjunto amplo de regras, normas e organizacoes direcionadas para conter o avanco das armas nucleares. Essas instituicoes tornaram-se mecanismos fundamentais no que concerne a conducao das relacoes internacionais contemporâneas. Tendo esse cenario em perspectiva, o presente artigo busca analisar os rumos do regime internacional de nao proliferacao nuclear desde a decada de 1960, destacando as diferencas entre tres periodos (decadas de 1950-1960; decadas de 1970-1980; decadas de 1990-2000). Dentre as principais modificacoes, destaca-se uma mudanca de enfase nas relacoes internacionais, em direcao a aspectos de seguridade nuclear ( nuclear safety ) principalmente apos o acidente de Chernobyl (1986). Palavras-Chave : regimes internacionais; seguranca internacional; nao proliferacao de armas nucleares, Guerra Fria, seguranca nuclear. Abstract : In the field of nuclear security, the non-proliferation of atomic weapons is a core issue since the end of the Second World War and especially during the Cold War. In fact, during this period, it has been designed a wide set of rules, norms, and organizations, which were directed to counter the advance of nuclear weapons. These institutions became fundamental mechanisms to the conduction of contemporary international relations. Considering this scenario, this article aims to analyze the directions of the international regime for nuclear non-proliferation since the 1960’s, highlighting the differences within three periods (1950’s-1960’s; 1970’s-1980’s; 1990’s-2000’s). Among the main modification, we highlight a change in emphasis towards issues related to nuclear safety, especially after the Chernobyl accident (1986). Key-Words : International Regimes; International Security; Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons; Cold War; Nuclear Safety.

A Institucionalização da Política Internacional Nuclear: entre a Não Proliferação de Armas e a Prevenção contra Acidentes