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Castor is an important oil crop. Impact damage is critical in the process of castor capsule shelling, directly affecting the shelling effect of castor seeds. An experiment was taken to investigate it. To study the damage degree of castor capsule under the impact, water content, impact height, and impact angle were taken as test factors, and the maximum impact force and normal deformation were taken as test indexes. The combination optimization was carried out through the multi-objective genetic algorithm. The results show that the impact height has a significant effect on the maximum deformation (p<=0.01), and the water content and impact angle have a significant impact on the impact force (p<=0.05). The height and angle have a significant impact on the deformation (p<=0.01), and the water content has a significant impact on the deformation (p<=0.05). 摘要 蓖麻是重要的油料作物。蓖麻种子脱壳过程中大量存在冲击现象,直接影响蓖麻种子的脱壳效果。为研究 蓖麻蒴果冲击时的损伤程度,以含水率、冲击高度、冲击角度为为试验因素,最大冲击力和法向变形量为试验 指标,进行试验。通过多目标遗传算法进行组合优化。结果表明,碰撞高度对最大变形量的影响极显著 (p<=0.01),含水率和碰撞角度对冲击力的影响显著(p<=0.05);碰撞高度和碰撞角度对变形量的影响极显著 (p<=0.01),含水率对变形量的影响显著(p<=0.05)。 INTRODUCTION Castor is an important biomaterial, which is widely used in medicine, aviation, and other engineering fields. It is an essential oil crop in China, with a total output of ten million tons in China. During the process of shelling, repeated impacting occurs between the castor capsule and the shelled part. This directly leads to its damage in the process of shelling. The shelling damage affects the yield of crops for about 6% (Sun et al., 2012). Therefore, it is vital to study the impact damage of the castor capsule. At present, the research on the damage theory of agricultural materials is pervasive. Huang et al. (2013) regarded castor bean seeds as approximate spheres and analysed the mechanical model of castor bean under concentrated force by using the elastic thin shell theory. Based on the finite element theory (Liu et al., 2012), numerical simulation of the compression load on the castor capsule was studied and the damage position, deformation, and stress of it was obtained. Based on the explicit dynamic simulation, PETRU M et al. (2012) conducted a static compression load test on jatropha seeds. They obtained the relationship between force, deformation, and energy of fruits with different maturity. ROMULI S et al. (2015) used the energy method to analyse the influence of the physical characteristics of jatropha seeds on the energy consumption of the shelling mode. Based on the collision exfoliation test, the mechanism of peanut seed shelling under the collision exfoliation method is complex (Yang et al., 2017), experimental analysis on the variety, collision location, moisture content, and other factors was studied. Based on the discrete element method, Zhao et al. (2013) established the ellipsoid model of rice grains for simulation and used sensors for experimental analysis. The results showed that the normal force of rice grains in the collision test increased with the change of particle size ratio. To explore the damage degree of a cherry collision, Zhou et al. (2016) conducted a collision test on cherry to study the collision of collision materials, impact height, and collision 1 Hou Junming, Associate Prof., Ph.D. Eng.; Yang Yong., MS. Stud. Eng.; Zhu Hongjie, MS. Stud. Eng.; Hu Weixue, MS. Stud. Eng. Vol. 61, No. 2 / 2020 INMATEH – 88 angle on the damage. Wang et al. (2018) reconstructed the corn model by 3D reverse scanning technology and conducted collision analysis. Although Cao et al. (2010) used the thin shell theory and the finite element method to analyse the effects of the physical and mechanical properties of castor seeds on the shelling, the studies on the collision characteristics of castor seeds are still relatively few. Because the material properties and geometric characteristics of castor seeds are different, the deformation and stress change dynamically in the process of shelling. Therefore, this study focuses on the damage theory of the castor capsule and its influence factors on the maximum impact force and normal deformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test materials The typical castor capsule variety of ZheBi 4 and TongBi 17 are widely planted in the Tongliao areas of China. They were selected as the experimental material, which is shown in Fig.1. The test instrument is Vernier calliper, which is to measure the geometric dimension of castor seed. The mass of castor seed was measured by electronic balance. One hundred samples of castor capsules were taken for measurement. Through the statistical analysis of the geometrical dimensions of the castor capsule. It is concluded that the triaxial dimensions of the castor capsule are Dx=13.65~18.75mm, Dy=14.40~15.90mm, Dz=15.50~17.90mm. The embedded drop impact testing bench is used for the experiment. Test machine includes USB-6009 data acquisition card, QLMH-P collision sensor (power supply 5-12 V, measuring range 0-1000N, output voltage 2 mV, strain gauge amplifier (power supply 5-9 V, amplification factor k=470). (a) TongBi 17 (b) ZheBi 4 Fig. 1 Different castor varieties Test method In the test of impacting, the sensor was placed in the centre of the test plate. And the castor capsule was placed on the centre of the sensor. In the beginning, the TLB-30B falling darts impact loading test bench was activated to adsorb iron impact block onto the drop darts. And then it was raised to a specified height. When the drop dart and the iron were at rest, the release button is pushed, the iron block would drop to the castor capsule. At the same time, the data of the collision force was transmitted to the signal analysis system through the USB6009 acquisition card and the strain gauge amplifier. The value of the output voltage of each collision force was recorded. By comparing the relationship between the maximum value of the collision force sensor and the test value, the collision force of the castor capsule would be obtained, as shown in Eq.(1).

EXPERIMENT ON IMPACT DAMAGE OF CASTOR CAPSULE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS OPTIMIZATION