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The Baltic Sea is an ideal natural laboratory to study the methane cycle in the framework of diagenetic processes. In this paper we present preliminary geological mapping results from project Baltic Gas, a research project with the overall aim to contribute to the development of a scientific basis for long term sustainable use and protection of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The Baltic Sea is a marginal sea with a strong permanent haline stratification, which leads to oxygen-poor bottom waters, and which is sometimes interrupted by oxygen-rich saltwater flowing in from the North Sea. The history of the Baltic Sea has resulted in deposition of organic-rich Holocene marine sediments that overlie glacial, late-glacial and early Holocene organic-poor sediments. The aims of Baltic Gas, a project within the BONUS-169 Joint Baltic Sea Research Programme running from 2009 to 2011, were (1) to map the occurrence of free shallow gas in Holocene sediments, (2) to quantify methane fluxes through the sediments and into the water column and the atmosphere, and (3) to investigate the processes and parameters governing methane generation and consumption. The contribution by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, reported here, was to map the thickness and structure of organicrich marine deposits and the distribution of gas-bearing sediments in co-operation with partners. The authors have also compiled acoustic data which were used to select sites for a comprehensive coring programme. The sediment cores were used for physical characterisation of the gas-bearing sediments and for biogeochemical analyses. These included measurements of the concentrations of methane, sulphide, sulphate, iron and other elements and compounds. Here we present data from the Bornholm Basin, one of several key study areas (Fig. 1).

Methane distribution in Holocene marine sediments in the Bornholm Basin, southern Scandinavia