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This theoretical essay focuses on “The History of SUS in Brazil and Health Policy”, with the aim of analyzing the problems faced by the current process of health services through contextualization, on concepts that involve Health and its problems Nowadays the Unified Health System (SUS) is one of the largest public health systems in the world offering all types of health care, including organ transplantation. The health service system in Brazil, in its hegemonic origins and anchored in liberal medicine, as well as in philanthropy, has evolved, from the creation of social insurance in the second decade of the twentieth century, to a model in which health has become a inherent right to citizenship and guaranteed by the state in article 196 of the Federal Constitution. Finally, the possibilities and limitations of the neo-institutionalist approach to the analysis of health policies are analyzed, including the presentation of some examples of recent studies in the area. Through the study it was possible to verify that before, with the increase in the supply of health goods and services, in the 1960s the profile of the Brazilian health system became clearer, highlighting then four main characteristics: exclusion, segmentation, private hegemony in the offer and emphasis on health recovery actions. The justification for choosing the theme hangs on its contemporaneity, as well as on the expectation of contributing to the academic scope. The research method undertaken follows a qualitative nature, with bibliographic research.

A HISTÓRIA DO SUS NO BRASIL E A POLÍTICA DE SAÚDE / SUS HISTORY IN BRAZIL AND HEALTH POLICY