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Throughout its humankind history has sought to improvement of agricultural production, including plant growing. The purpose of the improvement was possibility of obtaining more of products from a smaller area of farmland. Starting with the second half of the twentieth century, the agricultural producers began intensive use of fertilizers. This allowed access to intensive grain production. The use of fertilizers contributed to increasing crop yield by 20–25% (Бурбела 1995). The balance of nutrients in the soil was maintained through industrially produced agrochemicals. Beginning with the 60’s the development of the chemical industry allowed to attach to mineral fertilizers pesticides that are allowed to successfully deal with pests, diseases and weeds. All of these factors significant increase crop yield the largest share of which belonged to the application of chemicals (Лихочвор 2004). Production of relatively cheap fertilizers and pesticides has led to sharp changes in traditional technologies. Crop rotations have been violated the use of organic fertilizers were abandoned. Breeding new varieties was aimed at their intensification, the need for the fullest use of mineral fertilizers. An urgent problem of environmental pollution and the crop products of agricultural chemicals remain (Тараріко 1999). The economic crisis with end of the 20th century to beginning of 21th century the most blow to agriculture. The desire of farmers to obtain stable economic income completely forced them to abandon the classical crop rotation, and in some cases only cultivate monoculture (Olofsson 1993, Jankowski et al. 2015). Significant economic costs of full tillage farmers forced move to minimum tillage or to system No-till. Also the percentage of use of mineral fertilizers greatly decreased and organic fertilizers entirely “passed into history.” Only the use of pesticides is not reduced, which finally led to the destruction of the soil microflora, as well as useful the entomofauna (Ковырялов 1989). This led to the search for organic farming systems that would not only reduce the chemical load on the agrocenosis but also cheaper agricultural production (Shanahan et al. 1985, Sieling et al. 1999). In the last years, more and more attention is given biological farming systems that are based on the ecologization and biologization intensification processes. Biologization is maximum coordination of technology with biological requirements of the crops and varieties. Everything is done to create the best conditions for the development of the main object of technology – plants (Qin et al. 2004, Cociu 2012, Rácz et al. 2015). The main features of organic or alternative agriculture are the proper use of crop rotation, organic fertilizers, plant residues, green manures, straw, etc., complete (or partial) rejection of the use of agrochemicals. At this stage development of agriculture none of the proposed science biological technology cannot fully integrated into agricultural production. To this there are lot of reasons. First of all – it’s agricultural economic instability and lack of legislative regulations of pricing on organic products (Кисіль 1997). Therefore, research scientists Donetsk agricultural science station direction to development of organic technologies and the introduction of some organic elements that are able to be combined with other technologies. Such elements can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides while increasing qualitative and quantitative indicators of crop production.

The efficiency of the different elements of spring barley growing organic technology in the conditions the eastern steppe of Ukraine