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The Management of Marine Protected Areas (MMPA) has been a complex task in Brazil. Transformative and Emancipatory Environmental Education (TEEE) inspired on Paulo Freire’s ideas should be based primarily on individual and collective political and financial independence. The Marine Ecotourism (ME) could make the MMPA at Marine Protected Area of Armação de Búzios (MPAAB) with the aid of TEEE. Ecoturismar project tested the hypothesis that ME would provide a feasible proposal for MPAAB. The sample consisted on 85 persons present at the area during the summer season, as also local residents. The methodology and the main results were: a) Identification of the main stakeholders involved in the tourism chain of the municipality to establish partnerships; b) Obtaining the approval and support of local authorities; c) Getting sponsorship for accommodation and food; d) Contact with local security, touristic and environmental authorities; e) Route selection on rocky shore to develop the underwater interpretive trail between the beaches of João Fernandes and João Fernandinho; f) Taxonomic survey of marine biodiversity; g) Elaboration of a contextualized poster; h) Selection of attractive biological species; i) Formulation of four dialogical and interpretative lectures; j) Formulation of interpretative cards with photographs of local biodiversity; k) Elaboration of support rafts with plastic bottles and other materials. The evaluation of the marine trail as an ecotouristic product was done by the confrontation of pre / pos tests. On the beach, the tourists filled a form with their data, authorized the test and answered a pre-test. Before that, they received an interpretative lecture on local marine biota. At the end of the trail, they responded to the post-test. The evaluation of tourist perceptions presented: a) Significant increase in the perception of the environment on an holistic approach; b) Increase in the perception of social and environmental interactions in relation to the marine ecosystem; c) Increase in the perception of negative effects of conventional marine tourism on the environment and marine organisms. The hypothesis that the TEEE could be developed through a product of ME by aims of underwater trails in protected areas was approved. The ME can be implemented in MPAAB replacing the current massive, excluding and predatory forms of tourism.

revista brasileira de ecoturismo

Transformative and Emancipatory Environmental Education by Marine Ecotourism in the Marine Environmental Protection Area of Armação dos Búzios (RJ, Brazil)