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Purpose: Prostaglandin E 2  (PGE 2 ) is known to promote carcinogenesis and cancer progression in colon cancer. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of PGE 2  include cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), and 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). The current study aims to determine how PGE 2  is expressed by examining patients with colorectal cancer and evaluating colon cancer cells to gain insight into changes in relevant enzymes upon induction of PGE 2 .Methods: The concentration of PGE 2  was measured in tumor tissues and adjacent normal mucosal tissues of 26 patients with colon cancer. The expression of COX-1, COX-2, mPGES-1, and 15-PGDH proteins was measured. The concentration of PGE 2  in FET colon cancer cells was measured both in the initial status and after stimulation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The expression levels of PGE 2 -related enzymes were measured as well.Results: There was no significant difference in the average concentration of PGE 2 , which was measured at 453.1 pg/mL in cancer tissues and 401.2 pg/mL in normal mucosa. Among PGE 2 -related enzymes, 15-PGDH was expressed at a lower level in tumor cells than in normal mucosa. In colon cancer cells, PGE 2  was found to be upregulated upon stimulation by TNF-α, which led to strong induction of mPGES-1 without any change in the expression of COX-2 among the PGE 2 -related enzymes.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that PGE 2  can be induced by stimuli such as TNF-α, and suggest that activation of mPGES-1 is more closely related than that of COX-2 in the induction of PGE 2  on colon cancer.

Upregulation of prostaglandin E2 by inducible microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in colon cancer