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We investigate optical forces on oscillating dipoles close to a phase-changevanadium dioxide (VO$_2$) film, which exhibits a metal-insulator transitionaround $340$ K and low thermal hysteresis. This configuration is related to onecomposed of an excited two-level quantum emitter and we employ a classicaldescription to capture important aspects of the radiation-matter interaction.We consider both electric and magnetic dipoles for two differentconfigurations, namely, with the dipole moments parallel and perpendicular tothe VO$_2$ film. By using Bruggeman theory to describe the effective opticalresponse of the material, we show that, in the near-field regime, the force onthe dipoles can change from attractive to repulsive just by heating the filmfor a selected frequency range. We demonstrate that the thermal hysteresispresent in the VO$_2$ transition clearly shows up in the behavior of theoptical forces, setting the grounds for alternative approaches to controllight-matter interactions using phase-change materials.

Optical forces on an oscillating dipole near VO$_2$ phase transition