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Fusarium kuroshium  is the fungal symbiont associated with the ambrosia beetle  Euwallacea kuroshio , a plague complex that attacks avocado, among other hosts, causing a disease named  Fusarium  dieback (FD). However, the contribution of  F. kuroshium  to the establishment of this disease remains unknown. To advance the understanding of  F. kuroshium  pathogenicity, we profiled its exo-metabolome through metabolomics tools based on accurate mass spectrometry. We found that  F. kuroshium  can produce several key metabolites with phytotoxicity properties and other compounds with unknown functions. Among the metabolites identified in the fungal exo-metabolome, fusaric acid (FA) was further studied due to its phytotoxicity and relevance as a virulence factor. We tested both FA and organic extracts from  F. kuroshium  at various dilutions in avocado foliar tissue and found that they caused necrosis and chlorosis, resembling symptoms similar to those observed in FD. This study reports for first-time insights regarding  F. kuroshium  associated with its virulence, which could lead to the potential development of diagnostic and management tools of FD disease and provides a basis for understanding the interaction of  F. kuroshium  with its host plants.

Characterization of the Exo-Metabolome of the Emergent Phytopathogen Fusarium kuroshium sp. nov., a Causal Agent of Fusarium Dieback