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Ultrasound is an emerging decontamination technology with potential use in the global food processing industry. In the present study, we explored power ultrasound for processing aqueous aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ). AFB 1 was degraded by 85.1% after 80 min of ultrasound exposure. The reaction products of AFB 1 were identified and their molecular formulae elucidated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Eight main reaction products were found, and their structures were clarified by parental ion fragmentation. Two degradation pathways were proposed according to the degradation product structures: One involved the addition of H• and OH• radicals, whereas the other involved H 2 O 2 epoxidation and H•, OH•, and H 2 O 2 oxidation of AFB 1 . Ultrasound treatment significantly reduced AFB 1 bioactivity and toxicity by disrupting the C8=C9 double bond in the furan ring and modifying the lactone ring and methoxy group.

Structures of Reaction Products and Degradation Pathways of Aflatoxin B1 by Ultrasound Treatment