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This research aimed to study the effects of astaxanthin on energy budget and bioaccumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine (microcystin-LR) in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). The crayfish (21.13 ± 4.6 g) were cultured under microcystin-LR stress (0.025 mg/L) and were fed with fodders containing astaxanthin (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mg/g) for 8 weeks in glass tanks (350 mm &amp;times; 450 mm &amp;times; 150 mm). Accumulations of microcystin-LR were measured in different organs of P. clarkii . The results suggested that astaxanthin can significantly improve the survival rate and specific growth rate (SGR) of P. clarkii ( p &lt; 0.05). The dietary astaxanthin supplement seems to block the bioaccumulation of microcystin-LR in the hepatopancreas and ovaries of P. clarkii to some extent ( p &lt; 0.05). Astaxanthin content of 9⁻12 mg/g in fodder can be a practical and economic choice.

toxins

Effects of Dietary Astaxanthin Supplementation on Energy Budget and Bioaccumulation in Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) Crayfish under Microcystin-LR Stress