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Alnus sibirica (AS) is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Russia and has reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reducing activities on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, along with other beneficial health properties. In the present study, we tried to prove the cancer-preventive activity against prostate cancer. The extracted and isolated compounds, oregonin ( 1 ), hirsutenone ( 2 ), and hirsutanonol ( 3 ), which were isolated from AS, were tested for anti-proliferative activity. To do this, we used the MTT assay; NF-κB inhibitory activity, using Western blotting; apoptosis-inducing activity using flow cytometry; DNA methylation activity, using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines. The compounds ( 1 - 3 ) showed potent anti-proliferative activity against both prostate cancer cell lines. Hirsutenone ( 2 ) exhibited the strongest NF-κB inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities compared with oregonin ( 1 ) and hirsutanonol ( 3 ). DNA methylation activity, which was assessed for hirsutenone ( 2 ), revealed a concentration-dependent enhancement of the unmethylated DNA content and a reduction in the methylated DNA content in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Overall, these findings suggest that hirsutenone ( 2 ), when isolated from AS, may be a potential agent for preventing the development or progression of prostate cancer.

Alnus sibirica Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and GSTP1 Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells