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The aim of this work was to screen extracts from  Annona muricata  and  Annona reticulata in vitro  against  Plasmodium falciparum . Crude ethanolic extracts, methylene chloride fractions, aqueous fractions, subfractions and isolated compounds (stigmasterol-3- O -β- d -glucopyranoside, lichexanthone, gallic acid and β-sitosterol-3- O -β- d -glucopyranoside) were tested for cytotoxicity on erythrocytes and Human Foreskin Fibroblasts cells and against the W2 strain of  P. falciparum  in culture. Results indicated that none of the extracts was cytotoxic at concentrations up to 10 µg/mL. Most of the extracts, fractions and subfractions inhibited the growth of  P. falciparum  with IC 50  values ranging from 0.07 to 3.46 µg/mL. The most potent was the subfraction 30 from  A. muricata  stem bark (IC 50  = 0.07 µg/mL) with a selectivity index of ˃ 142. Subfraction 3 from  A. muricata  root also exhibited very good activity (IC 50  = 0.09 µg/mL) with a high selectivity index (SI ˃ 111). Amongst the isolated compounds, only gallic acid showed activity with IC 50  of 3.32 µg/mL and SI > 10. These results support traditional claims for  A. muricata  and  A. reticulata  in the treatment of malaria. Given their limited cytotoxicity profile, their extracts qualify as promising starting points for antimalarial drug discovery.

Extracts from Annona Muricata L. and Annona Reticulata L. (Annonaceae) Potently and Selectively Inhibit Plasmodium Falciparum