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Mosquito susceptibility to  Plasmodium  spp. infection is of paramount importance for malaria occurrence and sustainable transmission. Therefore, understanding the genetic features underlying the mechanisms of susceptibility traits is pivotal to assessing malaria transmission dynamics in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of  Nyssorhynchus darlingi —the dominant malaria vector in Brazil—to  Plasmodium  spp. using a reduced representation genome-sequencing protocol. The investigation was performed using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify mosquito genes that are predicted to modulate the susceptibility of natural populations of the mosquito to  Plasmodium  infection. After applying the sequence alignment protocol, we generated the variant panel and filtered variants; leading to the detection of 202,837 SNPs in all specimens analyzed. The resulting panel was used to perform GWAS by comparing the pool of SNP variants present in  Ny.   darlingi  infected with  Plasmodium  spp. with the pool obtained in field-collected mosquitoes with no evidence of infection by the parasite (all mosquitoes were tested separately using RT-PCR). The GWAS results for infection status showed two statistically significant variants adjacent to important genes that can be associated with susceptibility to  Plasmodium  infection: Cytochrome P450 ( cyp450 ) and  chitinase.  This study provides relevant knowledge on malaria transmission dynamics by using a genomic approach to identify mosquito genes associated with susceptibility to  Plasmodium  infection in  Ny. darlingi  in western Amazonian Brazil.

Susceptibility of Field-Collected Nyssorhynchus darlingi to Plasmodium spp. in Western Amazonian Brazil