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Here we analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and T-cell responses after two coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations over a six-month period in patients with hematological malignancies and assessed the effect of a third vaccination in a subgroup. Sixty-six patients and 66 healthy controls were included. After two vaccinations seroconversion was seen in 52% and a T-cell-specific response in 59% of patients compared with 100% in controls (p = 0.001). Risk factors for a poor serological response were age (  310/µL. The magnitude of T-cell response was higher in patients &lt;65a and with CD19+ B-cells &lt; 110/µL. Patients and healthy controls demonstrated a significant decrease in SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels over the period of six months (p &lt; 0.001). A third vaccination demonstrated a strong serological response in patients who had responded to the previous doses (p &lt; 0.001). The third vaccination yielded seroconversion in three out of 19 patients in those without serological response. We conclude that both humoral and cellular responses after SARS-CoV-2 immunization are impaired in patients with hematological malignancies. A third vaccination enhanced B-cell response in patients who previously responded to the second vaccination but may be of limited benefit in patients without prior seroconversion.

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccinations in Hematological Patients: 6-Month Follow-Up and Evaluation of a 3rd Vaccination