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(1) Background: The optimal chemotherapy (CHT) regimen for concurrent chemoradiation (cCRT) is not well defined. In this secondary analysis of the international randomized PET-Plan trial, we evaluate the efficacy of different CHT. (2) Methods: Patients with inoperable NSCLC were randomized at a 1:1 ratio regarding the target volume definition and received isotoxically dose-escalated cCRT using cisplatin 80 mg/m 2 (day 1, 22) and vinorelbin 15 mg/m 2 (day 1, 8, 22, 29) (P1) or cisplatin 20 mg/m 2 (day 1-5, 29-33) and vinorelbin 12.5 mg/m 2 (day 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, 43) (P2) or carboplatin AUC1 (day 1-5, 29-33) and vinorelbin 12.5 mg/m 2 (day 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, 43) (P3) or other CHT at the treating physician's discretion. (3) Results: Between 05/2009 and 11/2016, 205 patients were randomized and 172 included in the per-protocol analysis. Patients treated in P1 or P2 had a better overall survival (OS) compared to P3 ( p = 0.015, p = 0.01, respectively). Patients treated with carboplatin had a worse OS compared to cisplatin (HR 1.78, p = 0.03), but the difference did not remain significant after adjusting for age, ECOG, cardiac function creatinine and completeness of CHT. (4) Conclusions: Carboplatin doublets show no significant difference compared to cisplatin, after adjusting for possibly relevant factors, probably due to existing selection bias.

cancers

Efficacy and Toxicity of Different Chemotherapy Protocols for Concurrent Chemoradiation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer—A Secondary Analysis of the PET Plan Trial