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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) are widely used for biomedical and food applications, the toxicity of TiO 2 -NPs in vivo and in vitro has been elucidated, but the underlying cytotoxicity of TiO 2 -NPs against microRNA remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze microRNA proling induced by TiO 2 -NPs against NCM460 and HCT116 cell lines. Comparative analysis identied 34 and 24 microRNAs were significantly altered in the TiO 2 -NPs treated cells at concentrations of 3 and 30 μg/mL, respectively. Functional classication demonstrated that a large proportion of genes involved in metabolism, human disease, and environmental information process were signicantly upregulated by TiO 2 -NPs. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that microRNA 378 might be an early indicator of cellular response to exogenous stimuli with apoptotic signals. Furthermore, TiO 2 -NPs significantly altered the expression of microRNA 378b and 378g in HCT116 and NCM460 cell lines at different concentrations from 3 to 6 μg/mL. These concentrations elicit high-sensitivity of stimuli response in colon cancer cells when exposed to the slight doses of TiO 2 -NPs. Our study indicated that microRNAs 378b and 378g may play an important role in TiO 2 -NPs-mediated colonic cytotoxicity, which may provide a valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of potential risks in colitis and colon cancer.

MicroRNA Response and Toxicity of Potential Pathways in Human Colon Cancer Cells Exposed to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles