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With emerging treatment approaches, it is crucial to correctly diagnose and monitor hereditary and acquired polyneuropathies. This study aimed to assess the validity and accuracy of magnet resonance imaging (MRI)-based muscle volumetry.Using semi-automatic segmentations of upper- and lower leg muscles based on whole-body MRI and axial T1-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences, we compared and correlated muscle volumes, and clinical and neurophysiological parameters in demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) ( n = 13), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) ( n = 27), and other neuropathy ( n = 17) patients.The muscle volumes of lower legs correlated with foot dorsiflexion strength ( p &lt; 0.0001), CMT Neuropathy Score 2 ( p &lt; 0.0001), early gait disorders ( p = 0.0486), and in CIDP patients with tibial nerve conduction velocities ( p = 0.0092). Lower ( p = 0.0218) and upper ( p = 0.0342) leg muscles were significantly larger in CIDP compared to CMT patients. At one-year follow-up ( n = 15), leg muscle volumes showed no significant decrease.MRI muscle volumetry is a promising method to differentiate and characterize neuropathies in clinical practice.

Semi-Automatic MRI Muscle Volumetry to Diagnose and Monitor Hereditary and Acquired Polyneuropathies