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(1) Background: nasopharynx colonization by resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Streptococcus pneumoniae  can lead to serious diseases. Emerging resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treat infections due to these pathogens poses a serious threat to the health system. The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of  S. aureus  and  S. pneumoniae  isolates from the febrile children’s nasopharynx under 5 years in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). (2) Methods: bacterial isolates were identified from nasopharyngeal swabs prospectively collected from 629 febrile children. Antibiotic susceptibility of  S. aureus  and  S. pneumoniae  isolates was assessed by Kirby–Bauer method and results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. (3) Results: bacterial colonization was confirmed in 154 (24.5%) of children of whom 96.1% carried  S. aureus , 3.2% had  S. pneumoniae , and 0.6% carried both bacteria.  S. aureus  isolates showed alarming resistance to penicillin (96.0%) and  S. pneumoniae  was highly resistant to tetracycline (100%) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (83.3%), and moderately resistant to penicillin (50.0%). Furthermore, 4.0% of S. aureus identified were methicillin resistant. (4) Conclusion: this study showed concerning resistance rates to antibiotics to treat suspected bacterial respiratory tract infections. The work highlights the necessity to implement continuous antibiotic resistance surveillance.

antibiotics

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from the Nasopharynx of Febrile Children under 5 Years in Nanoro, Burkina Faso