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The Effect of Detraining and Retraining on Fencer’s Specific Physical and physiological Variables Assis.Prof.Dr Ziyad Yaunis Al Saffar Hewa Mohammad AL Sheeck Assis.Lecturer Mosul university / college of physical education The problem is determined by not knowing the effect of detraining and (2 4 weeks) retraining on the values of the following specific physical and the physiological Variables: 1. The specific physical Variables: (Accuracy, Motor speed, Transitional speed , High speed force , Explosive Power Force). 2. The physiological parameters. ( Average of heart beat’s parameters, Average of breathing speed, The maximum quantity of oxygen consumed ). The Aim of Research 1. Determining the effect of (2 – 4 weeks) detraining on some specific physical and physiological parameters. 2. Finding out the percentages of the decline some specific physical and the physiological parameters after (2 – 4 weeks) detraining. 3. Finding out the effect of retraining (2 – 4 weeks) on some specific and physiological parameters of fencers. 4. Finding out the percentages of the increase in some specific physical and physiological parameters after (2 – 4 weeks) retraining. Procedures: 1. The experimental approach has been used. 2. The specimen consist of six male fencers of the College of Physical Education – University of Salahdin. 3. The subjects have taken a training course, after which they were tested to determine the level of the specific physical and physiological elements. 4. The subjects have detrained for two weeks and then they have been tested to determine the percentages of the declination of the specific physical and physiological parameters. 5. The subjects continued detraining for another two weeks and then they were tested to determine the percentages of the decrease of the specific physical and the physiological parameters. PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com ٢٣٨ 6. The subjects have retrained for two weeks and then tested to determine the percentages of raising up the level of the specific physical and the physiological parameters. 7. The subjects continued training for another two weeks and then they were tested to determined the percentages of raising up the levels of the specific physical and physiological parameters. 8. Tests and measures have been used to collect the data. 9. Statistical means have been used to determine the percentages. Conclusions: 1. The two – weeks detraining caused a significant declination in the specific physical fitness elements except for the transition speed. 2. The four – week detraining caused a significant declination in the all the specific physical elements. 3. The two – week detraining caused a significant declination in the average of heart beats and the maximum quantity of the oxygen consumed, but a unsignificant in the average of breathing speed. 4. The four – week detraining caused a significant declination in all the physiological parameters. 5. The decline percentages were greater after four – week detraining. 6. The two-week retraining is not enough to get the specific physical and physiological elements as they were before detraining, but the fourweek retraining is enough. ١ ثحبلاب فیرعتلا : ١ ١ ثحبلا ةیمهأو ةمدقملا : ةــیبملولأا باــعللأا نمــض تــلخد يــتلا ةــمیدقلا ةیــضایرلا باــعللأا نــم ةدــحاو ةزراــبملا دــعت ىــلولأا اــهترود ذــنم ) ١٨٩٦ م ( نــم ةرــیخلأا تاونســلا يــف ةــظوحلمو ةعیرــس تا رــیغت تدهــش يــتلاو لا ةضیفتسملا ثوحبلاو تاسا ردلا ةجیتن مرصنملا نرقلا تسـكعنا يـتلاو لاـجملا اذـه يف تیرجأ يت ئداـبملا نـم بیردتلا يف ةیرا رمتسلاا أدبم دعیو ،اًیكیتكتو اًیراهمو اًیندب ةبعللا ىوتسم ریوطت ىلع ةـــیفیظولاو ةـــیندبلا تا ردـــقلا روـــطت را رمتـــسا نامضـــل ةـــیبیردتلا ةـــیلمعلا اـــهیلع دـــمتعت يـــتلا ةـــمهملا شــب بیردــتلا يــف را رمتــسلاا نأ اــمك ،يــضایرلل فدــهلا ىــلإ لوــصولا قــقحی لــصاوتمو مظتــنم لك يضایرلا ىوتسملا ریوطت يف ساسلأا دعیو ،بیردتلا يف حاجنلاو . اــــمأ بیردــــتلا نــــع فــــقوتلا ) Detraining ( ف يدؤــــی يــــضایرلا ىوتســــملا ضاــــفخنا ىــــلإ لــمعلل اــهفیكتو ةــیفیظولا ةزــهجلأا ةءاــفكو ةــیندبلا ةــقایللا رــصانع يــف عــجا رتلا نــم ةــلاح ثودــحو يلضعلا ةسا ردك لاجملا اذه يف تیرجأ يتلا تاسا ردلا هتدكأ امل اًقبط ك لذو ، ) Mirkin & Hoffman ( ةسا ردو ) Elwood ( و ةـسا رد ) Heriksson Reitman ( و ةـسا رد لـك نــم ) Houston ( و ) Klausen et al ( بیردــتلا نــع فــقوتلل ةیبلســلا تا ریثأــتلا تــلوانت يــتلا PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com ٢٣٩ ) ، وسـحلا ٢٠٠١ ، ٢٠ ( دـكأ اـمك نـم لـك ) & Mathews (Fox " بیردـتلا نـع فـقوتلا نأ دادزا فـقوتلا ةرتف تلاط املكو ، ةیندبلا ةقایللا رصانع ةمیق نم فعضی نأ هنأش نم ةینمز ةرتفل ةــــیندبلا ةــــقایللا يــــف ضاــــفخنلاا ىوتســــم ) Fox & Mathews,1981,333 ( . راــــشأ اــــمك ) Strauss ( يحاونلا ى لع ةیبلس راثأ هل بیرد تلا نع فقوتلا نأ ىلإ ة یفیظولاو ةیندبلا ) Strauss,1979,230 ( ، مغرلا ىلعو اـهنأ لاإ تاسا ردلا هذه يف فقوتلل ةینمزلا ةرتفلا توافت نم ةـیفیظولاو ةـیندبلا ةءاـفكلا يـف طوـبهلا ىـلإ يدؤـی بیردـتلا نـع فـقوتلا نأ يـهو ةـقیقح يـف كرتشـت يضایرلل . و نأ امب ا لبق هیلع تناك ام ىلإ ةیندبلا ةقایللا رصانع ةدوع بـلطتی بیردـتلا نع فقوتل بیردتلا فانئتسا وأ ةداعإ ) Retraining ( نإف ةنیعم ةینمز تا رتفلو ثـحبلا ةـیمهأ زرـبت اـنه يـف هــتداعإو بیردــتلا نــع فــقوتلا ریثأــتل ةحــضاولا ةروصــلا ةــفرعم يــف ةــیندبلا ةــقایللا رــصانع ضــعب يذــلا قیقدــلا رــظنلا دــعبو كا ردلإاــب اندــمت اــهنلأ ،ةــیفیظولاو ةــصاخلا ی م ك ن تا رــشؤملا عــضو نــم اــن يبردــم دعاســت يــهف كــلذ نــع لاًضــف ،بیردــتلا نــع فــقوتلل ةــجتانلا راــثلآل ةیعوــضوملا لئلادــلاو ـهنملا دادـعإو میمصـت يـف ةزراـبملا ا سوردـم يـملع لكشـب فـقوتلا ةـلحرم دـعب بـسانملا يبیردـتلا ج اـهریغ نـم رـثكأ طوبهلل اهاوتسم ضرعتی يتلا ةیندبلا تافصلل ةیولوأ هیف ىطعی قـیقحت لـجأ نـم لماكتملا دادعلإا بیردتلا نع فقوتلا دعب ام ةلحرمل .