English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The morphological characteristics in association with dimensions of all the stages of A. amygdali were studied during season 2007. The egg is barrel in shape, bright green in colour when freshly lay, usually deposited in masses which contain 14 eggs each. The average body lengths and widths of each of the five nymphal instars were: (2.80, 2.22); (4.36, 3.22); (6.10, 3.94); (10.38, 6.01) and (12.40, 7.04) mm, respectively. The adult measurements were: (14.48) mm long and (7.60) mm wide for male and (16.48) mm long and (8.32) mm wide for female, the first nymphal instar characterized by shiny orange, the rest instars are grey, while the adult is red to reddish bronze and gray to black. INTRODUCTION The fruit trees stink bug A. amygdali is one of the pentatomid plant feeding stink bugs, which attacking many of the fruit trees especially plum, apricot, apple, olive, and pear. Furthermore non-fruit trees viz. poplar, pine, planetree, willow bark may also be infested (Muhammed, 1994). Both nymphs and adults feed by sucking the plant sap. Reviewing the literature, the Information available about this pest in the world and in Iraq considered as records on the hosts. China (1938) recorded A. amygdali in Al-Heneidi quarter near Baghdad, and Khalaf (1963) in Erbil city. Hussain (1963) in his provisional list of insect pests and bibliography of insect fauna of Iraq has reported that A. amygdali attacks the fruit trees peach, plum and apricot. Swailem et al. (1974) mentioned this insect amongst their list of insect's fauna of Mosul attacking wild plants. Al-Ali (1977) recorded A. amygdali in Baghdad, which occupied on peach, plum and apricot. Saad and Amin (1983) indicated that A. amygdali attack some fruit trees such as peach, apricot and plum trees in addition to poplar trees in the north Iraq. The aim of the present work is to describe and measurement all the different stages of A. amygdali. MATERIALS AND METHODS The morphological description and measurements of all the stages of A. amygdali were distinct by using a dissecting microscope type Wild Heerbrugg. Descriptions were based on live individuals collected from special cages were made foe rearing the insect on three kinds of fruit trees under the field conditions (Muhammed and Al-Iraqi, 2010) whereas measurements were based on specimens preserved in alcohol 70% (only for two days). The number of specimens which used for each stage measurement was 27, measurements done included, length and width of the body, head, scutellum and length of antennal segments. Part of Ph.D. thesis for the first researcher 2009 Receive date 14/6/2010 accepted 27/10/2010 Mesopotamia J. of Agric. (ISSN 1815-316X) Vol. (38) No. (Supplement 2) 2010 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1Egg stage: The egg is barrel in shape, with an average length of 1.56 mm and 0.60 mm in width. The egg is bright green in colour when freshly laid, then turn to yellowish after three or four days, later the two red compound eyes are visible before hatching, indicating its viability. The parasitized eggs usually turn to blackish. In some instances the egg being transparent, incase of no embryo inside. Egg surface (chorion) is smooth (Figure 1). During study the A. amygdali in Baghdad, Yousif (1995) previously found that the female laid the eggs in masses, 11-15 eggs per a mass, and characterized by spherical shape, 2 mm in diameter, green or pale yellow, and usually lay undersurface of leaves of the olive, pear and fig trees.

MORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF THE STINK BUG Apodiphus amygdali (GERMAR) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN IRAQ