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Bordetella bronchiseptica  is a leading cause of respiratory diseases in pigs. However, epidemiological data of  B. bronchiseptica  in pigs particularly in China, the largest pig rearing country in the world is still limited. We isolated 181  B. bronchiseptica  strains from 4259 lung samples of dead pigs with respiratory diseases in 14 provinces in China from 2018 to 2020. The average isolation rate of this 3-year period was 4.25% (181/4259). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed by disc diffusion method revealed that most of the  B. bronchiseptica  isolates in this study were resistant to ampicillin (83.98%), while a proportion of isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (30.39%%), chloramphenicol (12.71%), gentamicin (11.60%), florfenicol (11.60%), tetracycline (8.84%), amoxicillin (8.29%), tobramycin (6.63%), ceftriaxone (4.97%), and cefepime (0.55%). There were no isolates with resistant phenotypes to imipenem, meropenem, polymyxin B, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and amikacin. In addition, ~13.18% of the isolates showed phenotypes of multidrug resistance. Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) by PCR showed that 16.57% of the  B. bronchiseptica  isolates in this study was positive to  aac(3)-IV , while 3.87%, 2.21%, 1.10%, 0.55%, 0.55%, and 0.55% of the isolates were positive to  aac6'-Ib, rmtA, bla  TEM ,  bla  SHV ,  oqxB , and  tetA , respectively. Detection of virulence factors encoding genes (VFGs) by conventional PCR showed that over 90% of the pig  B. bronchiseptica  isolates in this study were positive to the five VFGs examined ( fhaB , 97.24%;  prn , 91.16%;  cyaA , 98.34%;  dnt , 98.34%;  betA , 92.82%). These results demonstrate  B. bronchiseptica  as an important pathogen associated with pig respiratory disorders in China. The present work contributes to the current understanding of the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of  B. bronchiseptica  in pigs.

Isolation, Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes, and Virulence Genes of Bordetella bronchiseptica From Pigs in China, 2018–2020