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Although studies use body mass changes or urine color to measure hydration status, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pre-practice urine color and exercise body mass changes in female tackle football players. Twenty-six female American football players (Age: 29.9 ± 7.3 years; Height: 165.2 ± 2.6 cm; Weight: 83.8 ± 24.4 kg) volunteered. Fluid consumptions (FC) was measured during tackle football practices, while urine color (U col ), and percent body mass loss (%BML) were taken before and after practices. Subjects were grouped by %BML: lost mass (LM), gained mass (GM), or no change (NC). A one-way ANOVA compared groups on U col  and FC. There were differences across groups for pre-practice U col  ( P  &amp;lt; 0.01) and FC ( P  &amp;lt; 0.01). GM had a higher pre-practice U col  than LM ( P  &amp;lt; 0.01) and NC ( P  &amp;lt; 0.05) and consumed more fluid than LM ( P  &amp;lt; 0.01) and NC ( P  &amp;lt; 0.05). A stepwise linear regression examined the extent that U col  and FC were related to %BML. When predicting BML, FC accounted for 45% of variance ( P  &amp;lt; 0.01). The addition of pre-practice U col  increased predicted variance explained ( R  2  change= 2.5%,  P  = 0032). Subjects who gained mass during practice arrived with elevated urine color (U col  5 ± 2), while those who lost mass arrived with pale urine color (U col  3 ± 2). Findings indicate those who arrived with an elevated urine color attempted to improve hydration status by consuming more fluid and gaining body mass during exercise.

Relationship Between Pre- and Post-exercise Body Mass Changes and Pre-exercise Urine Color in Female Athletes