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Purpose:  To describe heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (Bla − ) responses during high-intensity interval training (HIT) in a long-term block-periodized HIT regimen in world-class cross-country (XC) skiers.   Methods:  Data were collected in 14 world-class female XC skiers (aged 25 ± 5 years; body mass, 60.4 ± 6.5 kg; and maximal HR, 194 ± 8 beats · min −1 ) throughout three entire seasons. The HR and Bla −  values were determined at the end of 572 intervals performed during 63 sessions and 17 HIT blocks utilizing different exercise modes: running, running with poles, and skiing (on-snow and roller ski) with classic and skating techniques.   Results:  The mean HR was 91 ± 3% of HR max  with a corresponding Bla −  of 7.3 ± 2.1 mmol · L −1 . The average HR and Bla −  values were relatively similar across the different exercise modes, except for a lower HR (~90 vs. 92% of HR max ) for on-snow and roller ski classical skiing and lower Bla −  values (5.9 vs. 7.0–7.8 mmol · L −1 ) for on-snow classical skiing compared to the other modes, both  P  < 0.05. An increase in HR and Bla −  was observed from interval working periods 1 to 3 (90–92% of HR max  and 6.5–7.7 mmol · L −1 ) and further from 3 to 5 (92–93% of HR max  and 7.7–9.0 mmol · L −1 ), all  P  < 0.05.   Conclusions:  We describe long-term use of HIT-block periodization among world-class XC skiers who achieved target HR and Bla −  levels in all six exercise modes employed. According to athletes and coaches, the key to successful blocks was intensity control to allow for high-quality HIT sessions throughout the entire HIT block.

frontiers in sports and active living

Intensity Control During Block-Periodized High-Intensity Training: Heart Rate and Lactate Concentration During Three Annual Seasons in World-Class Cross-Country Skiers