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In plants, GATA transcription factors ( TFs ) have been reported to play vital roles in to a wide range of biological processes. To date, there is still no report about the involvement and functions of woody plant GATA  TFs  in wood formation. In this study, we described the functional characterization of a  Populus trichocarpa  GATA TF,  PtrGATA12 , which encodes a nuclear-localized transcriptional activator predominantly expressing in developing xylem tissues. Overexpression of  PtrGATA12  not only inhibited growths of most phenotypic traits and biomass accumulation, but also altered the expressions of some master  TFs  and pathway genes involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) and programmed cell death, leading to alternated SCW components and breaking forces of stems of transgenic lines. The significant changes occurred in the contents of hemicellulose and lignin and SCW thicknesses of fiber and vessel that increased by 13.5 and 10.8%, and 20.83 and 11.83%, respectively. Furthermore, PtrGATA12 bound directly to the promoters of a battery of  TFs  and pathway genes and activated them; the binding sites include two  cis -acting elements that were specifically enriched in their promoter regions. Taken together, our results suggest  PtrGATA12 , as a higher hierarchical  TF  on the top of  PtrWND6A ,  PtrWND6B ,  PtrMYB152 , and  PtrMYB21 , exert a coordinated regulation of SCW components biosynthesis pathways through directly and indirectly controlling master TFs, middle-level  TFs , and further downstream pathway genes of the currently known hierarchical transcription network that governs SCW formation.

frontiers in plant science

Characterization of a High Hierarchical Regulator, PtrGATA12, Functioning in Differentially Regulating Secondary Wall Component Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa