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The importance of SPX domain-encoding proteins to phosphate (Pi) homeostasis and signaling pathways has been well-documented in rice and  Arabidopsis . However, global information and responses of SPX members to P stress in allotetraploid  Brassica napus , one of the world’s major oil crops that is sensitive to P deficiency, remain undefined. We identified a total of 69 SPX domain-containing genes in the  B. napus  genome. Based on the domain organizations, these genes were classified into four distinct subfamilies—SPX (11), SPX-EXS (43), SPX-MFS (8), and SPX-RING (7)—that represented clear orthologous relationships to their family members in  Arabidopsis . A  cis -element analysis indicated that 2 ∼ 4 P1BS elements were enriched in the promoter of SPX subfamily genes except  BnaSPX4s . RNA-Seq analysis showed that  BnaSPX  genes were differentially expressed in response to Pi deficiency. Furthermore, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR revealed that nine SPX subfamily genes were significantly induced by Pi starvation and recovered rapidly after Pi refeeding. A functional analysis of two paralogous  BnaSPX1  genes in transgenic  Arabidopsis  indicated their functional divergence during long-term evolution. This comprehensive study on the abundance, molecular characterization and responses to Pi deficiency of  BnaSPX  genes provides insights into the structural and functional diversities of these family members in  B. napus  and provides a solid foundation for future functional studies of  BnaSPX  genes.   Highlight:  The genome-wide identification and characterization of SPX genes in  B. napus  and their responses to Pi deficiency provide comprehensive insights into the structural and functional diversities of the family members in  B. napus  and their potential in Pi homeostasis and signaling responsiveness to Pi stress.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of SPX Domain-Containing Members and Their Responses to Phosphate Deficiency in Brassica napus