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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disorder that is characterized by fatigue that persists for more than 6 months, weakness, sleep disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction. There are multiple possible etiologies for ME/CFS, among which mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in abnormal energy metabolism. The potential of many substances for the treatment of ME/CFS has been examined; however, satisfactory outcomes have not yet been achieved. The development of new substances for curative, not symptomatic, treatments is desired. Molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction by scavenging hydroxyl radicals, the most potent oxidant among reactive oxygen species. Animal experiments and clinical trials reported that H 2  exerted ameliorative effects on acute and chronic fatigue. Therefore, we conducted a literature review on the mechanism by which H 2  improves acute and chronic fatigue in animals and healthy people and showed that the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction by H 2  may be involved in the ameliorative effects. Although further clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy and mechanism of H 2  gas in ME/CFS, our literature review suggested that H 2  gas may be an effective medical gas for the treatment of ME/CFS.

frontiers in neurology

Molecular Hydrogen as a Medical Gas for the Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Possible Efficacy Based on a Literature Review