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Based on the classical lamination theory, the principal moment direction of the laminate is derived. It is 45° apart from the generalized ply angle, which is the orientation of the ply where the ply angle misalignment occurs nominally. After adding a fixed one-ply angle or random multiple ply angle misalignments to six quasi-isotropic and symmetric stacking sequences, out-of-plane deformations of mirrors were simulated and compared. The result shows an angle difference between the principal moment and curvature directions. It is referred to as the deflection angle, approximately appearing as a trigonometric curve, which varies with laminates and is dependent on the generalized ply angle within each laminate. The deflection angle directly reflects the consistency of bending stiffness or laminate bending anisotropy; the smaller the deflection angle, the better will be the uniformity of bending stiffness. Consequently, it is an efficient approach to obtain a laminate with more uniformity of bending stiffness by comparing the deflection angle. These results enrich the research of out-of-plane deformation and could objectively promote the study of quasi-isotropic laminates for bending stiffness.

Uniformity Prediction of Bending Stiffness of Composite Space Mirrors With Ply Angle Misalignments by Deflection Angle