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There are few researches concerning ciliates from “extreme” environments such as plateau salt lakes; nevertheless, such a faunistic survey is of great significance for understanding the diversity and biogeography of these microeukaryotes. In this study, two ciliates, namely,  Hemiurosomoida tibetensis  sp. nov. and  Euplotes euryhalinus  Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990 , isolated from Kyêbxang Co, a Tibet Plateau saline-alkaline lake, China, were investigated based on observations of live and silver-stained specimens, and 18S rDNA sequences were analyzed. The new species can be characterized by having a size of 60–95 × 20–40 μm  in vivo , an elongate elliptical body, colorless cortical granules mainly grouped around cirri and dorsal bristles, about 21 adoral membranelles, 20 cirri on each marginal row, and two macronuclear nodules and two micronuclei. The Chinese population of  E. euryhalinus  corresponds well with the original one. Phylogenetic analyses show that  Hemiurosomoida  is non-monophyletic,  H. tibetensis  sp. nov. has a closer relationship with  H. longa  within this genus, and that  Euplotes euryhalinus  presents a wide geographic distribution. This study first reveals the ciliature, morphogenesis, and rRNA gene sequence data for  H. tibetensis  sp. nov. and the Chinese population of  E. euryhalinus , which thus increases our knowledge about the diversity of ciliates at high altitudes.

frontiers in marine science

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Two Spirotrichean Ciliates (Alveolata, Protista, and Ciliophora) From a Plateau Saline–Alkaline Lake in Tibet, China, Including Description of a New Species