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As an important part of ecological externalities, the spatial spillover effect has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of environmental economics. However, the traditional view that the spillover mechanism of ecological externalities generally decreases in line with increases in distance remains to be thoroughly proven. Effective ecological management requires an understanding of the relationship between the natural environment and human communities. In this study, the concept of geographical accessibility and a two-step mobile search model are introduced in order to connect ecosystems and humans by a spatial distance. This model can fully demonstrate the external spatial spillover effect of ecology. Based on research from the Beihai Wetland Reserve, Guangxi, China, this study found that the change in the ecological externality spillover mechanism is not only affected by spatial distance but is also affected by the pro-environmental attributes of individual residents around the region. Under the same conditions, residents with a high degree of interaction with ecological protection zones can display a stronger spatial spillover effect. The conclusion of this study provides a more accurate understanding of the changes in the spillover effect of ecological externalities, which in turn can help managers to formulate more adequate ecological protection policies that are based on the specific conditions of different residents. This is crucial for the successful management of protected ecological areas that are highly linked to human communities.

The Closer the Better? Modeling Spatial Spillover Effects of Ecological Externalities in Coastal Mangroves